Understanding female fertility is crucial for individuals and couples seeking to conceive. Female fertility testing plays a pivotal role in evaluating reproductive health, identifying potential obstacles, and guiding appropriate interventions. This article provides an overview of the various tests used to assess female fertility. From hormonal evaluations and imaging techniques to specialized procedures, understanding these and other tests well can empower women to take an active role in their reproductive journey and seek the necessary support to optimize their fertility.
Common Types of Female Fertility-Related Testing
Ovulation Tracking
Ovulation tracking involves monitoring menstrual cycles to determine the timing of ovulation. Methods include:
Basal body temperature (BBT) charting: Tracking daily morning body temperature to identify the slight rise that occurs after ovulation.
Ovulation predictor kits (OPKs): Detecting the surge in LH, indicating imminent ovulation.
Cervical mucus monitoring: Observing changes in cervical mucus consistency, which becomes clearer and more stretchy around ovulation.
Blood tests
Hormone Evaluations
Hormonal evaluations play a central role in assessing female and male fertility. These tests measure hormone levels at specific times during the menstrual cycle to evaluate hormonal balance and function. Key hormones commonly assessed include:
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH levels indicate the ovarian reserve and the quality of the eggs.
Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH surge triggers ovulation, and testing helps determine the timing of ovulation.
Estradiol (E2): Estradiol levels provide insights into the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
Progesterone: Progesterone levels help confirm ovulation and assess the luteal phase.
Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test
The AMH test measures the level of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in a woman’s blood. This hormone is produced by the cells in the ovarian follicles, which contain immature eggs. The AMH test provides information about a woman’s ovarian reserve, which refers to the quantity and quality of her remaining eggs. By assessing AMH levels, healthcare providers can estimate the potential response to ovarian stimulation during fertility treatments and evaluate the overall fertility status. Lower AMH levels may indicate a diminished ovarian reserve, while higher levels can suggest conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Natural Killer Cell Test
The Natural Killer Cell Test evaluates the presence and activity of natural killer cells in the uterus or blood. Natural killer cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a role in protecting against infections and cancer. However, in some cases, they may be more active in the uterine lining (endometrium), leading to potential implantation issues and recurrent pregnancy loss. The Natural Killer Cell Test measures the number and activity of these cells to assess if their levels are within the normal range. Elevated levels or abnormal activity may indicate immune-related factors that could affect successful implantation and pregnancy.
Chlamydia testing
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Left untreated, Chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause scarring and damage to the reproductive organs, potentially resulting in fertility problems and infertility. Testing for Chlamydia involves a simple swab or urine sample. Early detection and treatment of Chlamydia are essential to prevent complications and preserve fertility.
Genetic testing
Genetic testing may be recommended in certain cases to identify specific genetic conditions or chromosomal abnormalities that can impact fertility or increase the risk of genetic disorders in offspring. There are different types of genetic tests, including carrier screening, preconception testing, and prenatal testing. Carrier screening helps determine if individuals carry specific genetic mutations that could be passed on to their children. Preconception testing assesses the genetic compatibility of prospective parents. Prenatal testing is performed during pregnancy to evaluate the genetic health of the foetus.
Pelvic Investigations
Ultrasound scan
A transvaginal ultrasound is a procedure that uses sound waves to examine the uterus, ovaries, and follicles. It helps assess ovarian reserve, follicle growth, and the presence of any structural abnormalities.
X-Ray of Fallopian Tubes
Hysterosalpingography, commonly known as HSG, a procedure where a contrast dye is injected into the uterus, followed by X-ray imaging, to evaluate the shape of the uterus and determine if the fallopian tubes are open.
Laparoscopy
A surgical procedure that involves inserting a small camera through a small incision in the abdomen to examine the reproductive organs, identify issues such as endometriosis or pelvic adhesions, and possibly treat them.
Hysteroscopy
A minimally invasive procedure where a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the uterus to evaluate the uterine cavity and detect any abnormalities that may impact fertility.
What kind of fertility tests do I need?
When embarking on a fertility journey, there are several tests that a female may consider starting with to gain initial insights into her reproductive health. While specific recommendations may vary based on individual circumstances and medical history, here are some commonly recommended tests for women starting their fertility journey:
Pathology tests: Blood tests to look at Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and oestradiol levels, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)as well as testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Chlamydia. Your naturopath make also want a blood test to look at a full blood count, vitamins B12, folate, urinary iodine and iron studies.
Ovulation Tracking: It can be helpful to track your Basal body temperature (BBT), monitor your cervical mucus, and track your cycle length and menstrual symptoms.
Pelvic Ultrasound: A trans-vaginal ultrasound can help evaluate the uterus, ovaries, and follicles, providing information about structural abnormalities and ovarian health.
Should I see a fertility specialist?
A female should consider seeing a fertility doctor or specialist if she has been actively trying to conceive for at least one year without success (or six months if she is over the age of 35). However, there are certain situations where it is advisable to seek the guidance of a fertility specialist. These include:
Age-related concerns
Women over the age of 35 generally experience a natural decline in fertility, and their chances of conceiving decrease significantly. If a woman in this age group has been trying to conceive for six months without success, seeking the expertise of a doctor or a specialist is recommended.
Irregular menstrual cycles or known reproductive issues
Women with irregular periods or a history of reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may face challenges in conceiving and could benefit from a fertility evaluation.
Previous reproductive health issues
Women who have experienced multiple miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, or other complications related to reproductive health should consult a fertility specialist to assess potential underlying causes and explore appropriate treatment options.
Male partner fertility concerns
If the male partner has a known fertility issue or a history of reproductive disorders, it is advisable to seek a joint evaluation by a fertility specialist to assess both partners’ fertility for further investigations.
Family history of genetic disorders
Individuals with a family history of genetic conditions or those from certain ethnic backgrounds with a higher risk of specific genetic disorders may want to undergo genetic counselling and testing prior to conception.
Remember, the decision to see a fertility specialist ultimately depends on individual circumstances and personal preferences. Consulting with a fertility specialist can provide valuable insights into fertility potential, identify any underlying issues, and guide appropriate treatment options. It’s essential to choose a reputable fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist experienced in the field to ensure the highest quality of care and support throughout the fertility journey. Our Shift naturopaths can help guide you to a specialist that would be suitable for you.
Fertility testing outcomes and treatments
Hormonal Imbalances:
If hormonal evaluations reveal imbalances such as irregular periods or abnormal hormone levels, treatment options may include:
Hormone therapy: This may involve using medications to regulate the menstrual cycle and promote ovulation.
Lifestyle changes: Certain lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and adopting a balanced diet, can help restore hormonal balance.
Ovulation Issues:
In cases where ovulation tracking or hormonal evaluations indicate irregular or absent ovulation, treatments can include:
Medications: Fertility medications, such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole, may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART): If medications alone are not effective, procedures like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended.
Structural Abnormalities:
If pelvic ultrasounds or other imaging tests reveal structural issues, treatment options may involve:
Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to correct abnormalities like uterine fibroids, polyps, or adhesions.
Assisted reproductive technologies: Depending on the severity of the structural issue, ART procedures such as IVF may be recommended.
Tubal Blockage:
If a hysterosalpingography (HSG) indicates blocked fallopian tubes, treatment options can include:
Surgical intervention: In certain cases, surgery may be performed to repair or remove blockages.
ART procedures: If the fallopian tubes cannot be repaired, options like IVF can bypass the need for the tubes altogether.
Genetic Abnormalities:
If genetic testing reveals specific abnormalities or carrier status for certain genetic conditions, options may include:
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT): With IVF, embryos can be tested for genetic abnormalities before being transferred to the uterus.
Genetic counselling: Couples may benefit from discussing the potential risks and available options with a genetic counsellor.
It’s important to note that the outcomes and treatments vary for each individual and depend on the specific fertility issues identified. Consulting with a fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist is crucial to receive personalized guidance and determine the most appropriate treatment plan tailored to the unique circumstances and goals of the individual or couple.
Working with team at Shift
When it comes to fertility treatment and enhancement, a holistic approach that encompasses multiple modalities can provide valuable support for individuals and couples on their journey to parenthood. By addressing the physical, emotional, and energetic aspects of fertility, this collaborative approach aims to enhance overall well-being and increase the chances of successful conception. Here’s how we at Shift support you on your fertility journey:
Naturopathy
Naturopathy emphasises the body’s innate healing abilities and aims to identify and address the root causes of fertility challenges. A naturopathic practitioner will conduct a thorough fertility assessment, and develop a personalised treatment plan, which may include:
Lifestyle modifications: Recommendations for stress reduction techniques, exercise, and adequate sleep to promote overall health and fertility.
Herbal remedies and supplements: Natural remedies, such as herbal tinctures and supplements, may be recommended to support reproductive health and balance.
Nutrition
A nutritionist specializing in fertility can provide guidance on optimizing nutrient intake and maintaining a healthy weight, which are vital for reproductive health. They may recommend:
Balanced diets: Nutrient-rich diets that include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats to support hormonal balance and provide essential vitamins and minerals.
Supplementation: If necessary, specific supplements, such as folic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants, may be suggested to address any nutrient deficiencies or support reproductive health.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture, an ancient Chinese therapy, involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body. It can be beneficial for fertility by:
Regulating hormones: Acupuncture may help balance hormone levels, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone, which are essential for reproductive health.
Enhancing blood flow: Improved blood circulation to the reproductive organs can support ovarian function and create an optimal environment for implantation.
Reducing stress: Acupuncture sessions promote relaxation, reduce stress, and support overall emotional well-being, which can positively impact fertility.
Hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy focuses on the power of the mind-body connection and can assist individuals in managing stress, reducing anxiety, and enhancing relaxation. During treatment, hypnotherapy can help by:
Alleviating emotional stress: By addressing fears, anxieties, and negative thought patterns related to fertility, hypnotherapy can promote a positive mindset and emotional well-being.
Enhancing mind-body balance: Through relaxation techniques and visualisation exercises, hypnotherapy can support the body’s natural reproductive processes and promote hormonal balance.
Naturopathy, nutrition consults, acupuncture, and hypnotherapy offer valuable tools to enhance female fertility naturally. By addressing underlying imbalances, optimising nutrition, promoting relaxation, and reducing stress, these therapies can support healthy reproductive function, improve egg quality, and increase the chances of successful conception.
It is essential to work with fertility experts, such as the Shift team, who specialise in female fertility to receive personalised care and tailored treatment plans. By combining these modalities with conventional medical approaches, individuals and couples can optimise their chances of achieving their dream of starting or expanding their family. To work with our incredible team, book here.
